3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with

3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with 3 Additional Services Law Essay Writers Can Provide You with At the point when you are attempting to take care of an issue, you need the most ideal help. You need to locate an accomplished individual to support you, having some foundation information in the field you need the assistance with. This worries practically any circumstance in your life. Obviously, because of the Murphys Law, in the event that you have a few companions, who are law exposition scholars, you never need to manage a paper regarding this matter. In any case, pause, don't self-destruct. These specialists are not only acceptable at composing; they are additionally aces at a wide assortment of legitimate points and can offer vital bits of knowledge into practically any issue concerning the law. There are three key administrations that these specialists can give you. 1.â â Academic Insights It is difficult to prevail with regards to composing on the off chance that you don't have the correct devices. Luckily, lawful exposition essayists don't concentrate just law, they additionally manage different subjects, so can assist you with procuring the information you need. They can likewise have some scholastic involvement with composing various papers, in this manner, can lead you to the best books, articles, and different assets on the specific subject that you need to adapt to. Thusly, you don't need to invest a lot of energy, scanning for the material to use in your piece, and your contemplating turns into significantly simpler. 2. Proficient Experience Most law understudies invest a lot of energy interning or attempting to increase some understanding. While this is an incredible learning opportunity, it very well may be overpowering. There is an immense distinction between examining law in the study hall and actualizing the information that you have learnt on training. In the event that you settle on a choice to turn into a legal advisor, you will have the individual who is going to share his/her involvement in you just as furnish you with some exhortation on the most proficient method to pick up the best practice in the specific circle. This gives you a gigantic bit of leeway over your colleagues. As you are as of now outfitted for the most troublesome issues that you can confront, while your gathering mates live in the obliviousness. 3. Full-Time Guidance and Support No one can tell what sort of issues you are going to look during the life. As the grown-up life is brimming with precarious circumstances, when you need some law meeting, having such companions will be extremely helpful. You can allude to them for help so as to realize acceptable behavior in the specific circumstance to be legitimately right. Asking your companions, who know about this thing is the most ideal approach to get any sort of disarray. Nothing can be more helpful in your life than the companionship with law exposition essayists, as there are such huge numbers of advantages that you can pick up notwithstanding the instructive help. In addition, you don't pay cash for the help that is additionally an extraordinary preferred position.

Obamacare Essay Example

Obamacare Essay Example Obamacare Essay Obamacare Essay Macey VarneyApril DierksEnglish Composition 1December 3, 2013ObamacareThe extraordinary thing about America is our ability to speak freely and realizing that there are possibilities for some things. Obviously there are laws to keep everything running easily, however at times limits are crossed. Congress and the president crossed significant limits with the new social insurance laws. Obamacare isn't just exorbitant however it is crossing numerous ethical lines for many individuals. This new human services plan is costing everybody, particularly organizations, a great deal of cash. It has gotten extremely difficult for organizations to stay open and utilize individuals. Obamacare could be acceptable here and there, such as offering everybody medical coverage, yet individuals shouldn’t be fined on the off chance that they don't have medical coverage. Individual limits are additionally being crossed by Congress telling the American individuals that they must have human services. M edicinal services is something worth being thankful for in any case, there must be a superior method to do it!Obamacare has been seen as monetarily difficult on organizations. The new human services plan will â€Å"cost entrepreneurs more cash and at long last may even reason a few organizations to close down† (â€Å"Is Obamacare Financially Burdensome†). Most entrepreneurs will cut their full-time representatives, and recruit all the more low maintenance or impermanent specialists. This isn't just going to hurt organizations monetarily, yet in addition full-time workers as a result of the duties they hold in regular daily existence. For instance, full time representatives at drive-through eateries will be terminated or have their hours significantly cut. Private ventures won't have the option to bear to keep representatives due to the protection benefits organizations are currently required to offer. This makes an absence of occupations in the United States which thus will prompt a higher joblessness rate, which is as of now high. A few people may state that Obamacare is going to support organizations and individuals who work for private companies in light of the fact that their supervisors should give them medical coverage. Cheap food laborers

Female Genital Mutilation Essay

Female Genital Mutilation Essay Female Genital Mutilation Essay The World Health Organization characterizes Female Genital Mutilation as a training that includes the modification of female genitalia in a way that doesn't hand-off any health advantages to the person in question. As per Oleinick (1998), around 87% of Egyptian Islamic ladies bolster the training. The degree of this help is owing to different variables. These might be social, strict or social. The motivation behind this examination was to discover the present province of FGM as a social practice in Egypt. Besides, the examination needed to test helpful procedures in killing FGM. At long last, the investigation was to feature the effects of FGM on the worldwide medicinal services framework. The examination utilizes a longitudinal methodology. Different elements make the Egyptian individuals helpless to the act of FGM. Right off the bat are the socio-segment attributes. These incorporate factors, for example, age, pay, religion, conjugal status and level of pay. Islam considers FGM as ‘makruma’. This infers it's anything but a required, yet fair act. As per National Geographic Statistics, the country’s education level stands at 58%. There is constrained information on the ramifications of the training. In Egypt, people group authorize FGM through different activities. For example, ladies who don't take an interest are regularly shunned from the network. The way that it is a cultural standard additionally allows the training. Eighty-two percent of Egyptian ladies suggest FGM for their little girls. Different factors in the Egyptian culture fortify this training. Circumcised ladies see themselves as ‘clean’. Egyptians acknowledge FGM as an instrument for diminishing a woman’s charisma, nearby other psychosexual impacts, in constraining infidelity. These components brief a greater part of ladies to look for or take part in FGM. Thusly, over 90% of Egyptian ladies have taken an interest. This is unpredictable to strict elements. For example, 78% of Christian ladies have taken an interest. This predominance is inferable from different elements. The most significant are religion and Egyptian culture. From the examination, FGM is even more a social practice. The Quran has dubious help for the training. The presence of FGM went before Islam. There is little relationship between's the two marvels. FGM is non-existent in nations, for example, Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq, where religion is profoundly respected (Oleinick, 1998). As indicated by the Toubia, Izzett WHO (1998), the training is an infringement of human and sexual orientation rights. Notwithstanding, campaigners have put forth different slip-ups in the attempt against FGM. To address this, different techniques need execution during mediation. For example, the methodology taken ought to be multi-sectoral. Members might be from the wellbeing or legitimate networks. Local gatherings ought to have the option to work connected at the hip with NGOs. The procedure of conduct change is a moderate one. To destroy FGM, the endeavors must be reasonable. The enrolling of help by pioneers from different fields is vital. For example, strict pioneers, for example, Imams are compelling in undermining the training. Numerous individuals move to Western nations, for example, the United Kingdom (UK) to maintain a strategic distance from this evil practice. Thusly, the examination found that foreigners who have experienced FGM experience confusions. These might be hemorrhages and different impacts. This turns into an issue for the human services frameworks of the occupant nations. There are numerous hindrances to the end of FGM. Initially, Egypt is a huge nation. The nation has numerous scantily populated areas, whose occupants take an interest in FGM. Getting to such regions is troublesome. Besides, the nation has poor instructive guidelines. Around 60% of members were oblivious of FGM’s suggestions. The Egyptian social demeanor has been against Western standards since the 1940s. Along these lines, thoughts advanced by bodies, for example, the WHO are frequently dismissed. At last, Egyptians fear social repercussions, for example, avoiding and reviles, by neglecting to take part in FGM (Olenick, 1998). As indicated by Celenko (1996), there is proof of a Greek papyrus that depicts the training in the Ancient Egyptian setting. Egypt is a prevalently Muslim state. Subsequently, religion interlaces with culture. Note that Egypt has a fatherly culture. Thus, they complete FGM as a demonstration of submitting ladies to men. Besides, FGM has a nearby connection to marriage. The investigation found that circumcised ladies have better possibilities of getting hitched. Strict and political impacts are the primary hindrances towards the total disposal of FGM. Here, the worldwide network comes to center. Campaigners ought not force their philosophies on the Egyptians. Rather, they should adopt an emotional strategy. Do you need expertly composed custom expositions for cash? can give you proficient paper composing help on the web.

The Groden Center Essays - Providence Metropolitan Area, Free Essays

The Groden Center Essays - Providence Metropolitan Area, Free Essays The Groden Center The quantity of single-family assembling grants were the most this decade and spoken to a 14% expansion over a year ago. There were 2,542 licenses for new, single-nuclear families pulled in Rhode Island a year ago, 312 more than in 1997. In a meeting with Roger R. Warren, official chief of the Rhode Island Builders Association, he expressed Residential development is a basic pointer of Rhode Island's financial quality. These solid structure license figures are a confirmation that the state's economy keeps on developing. In spite of the fact that Johnston, Providence, and Scituate, experienced abatements in licenses gave, a lot more towns have seen emotional increments, as much as 48% in Coventry. There are a few factors that help to clarify this pattern. General financial conditions, for example, loan fees influence whether individuals can bear the cost of new homes. Low loan fees, and a joblessness rate simply under the national normal include put new homes inside reach for some individuals. Further, the normal expense of homebuilding hasn't encountered in excess of a 12% expansion over the most recent 10 years. These realities, along with expanding individual pay includes considerably more allows. Socioeconomics have likewise significantly affected home buys this decade. Individuals will in general buy their biggest and most costly homes during their 40s, close to the pinnacle of their profit. Most of the 80 million children of post war America have arrived at their 40s during the 1990s and into the early piece of the 21st century. At any rate two powers of progress will influence the executives in the homebuilding business because of these patterns. A lot of Rhode Island's lacking area is confined, which will bring about an inevitable top on building. Bryant College financial analyst William B. Sweeney said; The expansion in development falls in accordance with different pointers of a solid economy ahead. However, regardless of whether there are sufficient clients who need to buy homes, Rhode Island might be getting max out. Wetlands make up an enormous part of RI, blocking a ton of improvement. The other power of progress happens in networks where recommendations have been made to set up expenses which will expand the expense of new homes. Research has started to decide the effect that each new home fabricated has on a town's

Distance learning and telecommunications Essays

Separation learning and broadcast communications Essays Separation learning and broadcast communications Essay Separation learning and broadcast communications Essay The way toward composing a prospectus is a significant one inferable from the way that it advises kids about the strategies that one must cling to; it likewise gives insights concerning the method of activity and the assignments that are expected. In any case, a separation learning prospectus unit requires considerably more detail than other regular classes in that there are no different manners by which normal learning goals can be accomplished straightforwardly. Center targets The last prospectus with certain data about when assignments will be turned in, study hall plans, unanswered inquiries that is probably going to manifest during the way toward relegating these issues. Coming up next are the significant targets of this schedule unit; Clarifying class subtleties Help understudies choose remaining inside a specific young lady Give insights regarding the unit To fill in as agreement between the organization and the understudies In this last prospectus unit, there will be insights concerning the teacher. For this situation there will be insights regarding the division, fax, telephone and fax number of the educator. This prospectus will contain insights regarding how to contact the teacher. (Pembrook, 2008) The schedule unit Contact arrangement: The turnaround time for this course unit will be twenty four hours (I. e. the time that understudies can contact the educator in the wake of giving warning. This standard applies inside Mondays and Fridays. Throughout the ends of the week, twelve hour notification will be relevant. Course depiction: the portrayal of this course in a full way can be found on the registrar’s office and they are elegantly composed inside the course index. Excessively, the course unit will cover all the essential PC data. Required and course materials: the accompanying reading material will be required for this specific course O’Neil, K. (2008): the ABCs of PC guidance, New York, Routledge Mc Namara, T. (2008) Basic Computer abilities, London, McMillan These course books will be the center writings and understudies can contact the educator so as to know where thy can buy. Their ISBN numbers will likewise be given upon contact and as they can be purchased on the web. For this specific course, there will be a need to consolidate the center writings with other course data. For this situation, understudies can sign into my WPI site that will be shown at the base segment of the book. Sound and video clasps will be a significant piece of this course and they will be instrumental in guaranteeing the accomplishment of the program. (Pembrook, 2008) Class plans: classes here will start from Thursday and will advance until Sunday. Assignments will be expected on Mondays at 1400 hrs GMT. Cutoff time augmentations will be allowed simply after earlier notification given to the educator and they will prompt earlier scratch-off of work whenever done inadequately. It ought to likewise be noticed that all the records submitted must be in . doc position or in Microsoft Word 1997-2003 configuration. All documents must be named in the accompanying organization; (number of task)- (name of the individual) Students can submit their assignments in APA, MLA or Harvard referencing styles. They will be required to look at trustworthy sources on how these can be accomplished. Learning targets: At the finish of the course unit understudies should be parcel to do the accompanying Open, make and store documents Carry out the last undertakings in various projects Work with spreadsheets Make introductions on PowerPoint Know how to alter, organization and include expressive highlights in word archives Understand how to use other outer highlights Utilize print choices Start and run fundamental applications Assessment and evaluating: An amazing graduate will be one in which all the assignments have been finished and one in which the end of the year test will be between 80-100 Good-79-60 Fair-50-59 Poor - 49-0 The last, most important test will represent 60% to review while the rest of the rate will be separated between the two assignments to be given I. e. 20% each. Late assignments will be punished by 10% of the general evaluation. Innovations: the last unit will involve utilization of a progression of advances to encourage correspondence between the understudy and the teacher. Video conferencing will be significant and this may include about of nations. Correspondence will for the most part be through mail between the understudies and the educator. One way recordings will be significant too in that recorded material will be seen over the web. (Pembrook, 2008) Maybe one of the most significant methods of correspondence will be PC organizing. Here, the web and neighborhood will be especially valuable. As a matter of first importance, pages will be significant sources, moreover, messages and talk rooms will likewise be important to get some information about specific assignments. On these, databases about course substance, and course members will be found in these separate territories. Reference Pembrook, C. (2008): Distance learning and broadcast communications, NJ, Pearson Education

The Benefits of Minimalism

The Benefits of Minimalism When people look toward minimalism as a lifestyle, they often see only the act of decluttering. But ultimately, minimalism involves the benefits we experience once we’re on the other side of decluttering. By letting go of everything in the way, Ive been able to immerse myself in whats important to me, and the benefits are remarkable. Health. I used to weigh 80 pounds more than I weigh today. Not only was I fat, but I felt tired, stressed, gross. Minimalism helped me untether from that lifeâ€"a life focused on material success. Once I regained control, I made time to concentrate on my health. This increased focus allowed me to improve my diet, exercise, and sleep, which minimized my stress and increased my happiness. By spending more time on my health, I created more time for everything else. What a beautiful paradox. Relationships. Once I stopped trying to impress others with my consumerist trophies, I was able to reprioritize my relationships by putting primary relationships first, secondary relationships second, and peripheral relationships last. This sounds tautological, but for more than a decade I apportioned too much time to coworkers and networking buddies, and I forsook the people I cared about most. Finances. This was the initial benefit that led me to minimalism: financial freedom. Sure, I made great money in the corporate worldâ€"but I spent even better money. By age 28 I was earning six figures, but I had more than six figures in debt because our culture places an extraordinary emphasis on material wealth as a sign of true wealth. Minimalism taught me that one’s true worth is not determined by his or her net worth. Creativity. For years I put off my passion: writing. I aspired to be a writer someday, but I didnt actually put in the work. Purging the ephemera consuming my time helped me realize aspire is merely a synonym for procrastinate. With the stuff out of the way, I was able to start crafting my personal masterpiece. Contribution. No longer am I obsessed with only myself. By jettisoning my old identity, I formed a new identity, a large part of which revolves around contribution to others. Contributing beyond ourselves brings with it a sense of fulfillment that we can’t get from buying things. Giving is living: if we want to feel truly alive, we must give. You see, removing the clutter is not the end result of minimalismâ€"it is merely the first step. Understanding why youre taking that first step gives you the leverage you need to keep going. When in doubt, ask yourself: How might my life be better with less? Those answers are far more powerful  than decluttering alone. This essay was published in our side project, Minimalism Life.

Write My History Essay from Instagram

I need help figuring out what to write my history essay on! Sound familiar? Trying to find great historical information for essay can be a real challenge. However, do you know that you can find all the needed information with the help of your fingertips? Thanks to social media and mobile access, you can easily learn a lot of interesting history facts from Instagram! Here are some pages that are worthy to visit. passion_history_military This page is more so for visual learning. The Instagram account shares vintage military pictures of militaries from around the world. Although not much is said about the photos, you will see the basic information about the types of weapons, assets and military men featured in the photo. You will be able to visually see how war and militia have evolved throughout the ages. History This page is the official History page as it represents the â€Å"award-winning original series and specials†. Unlike the first Instagram page, this one covers all kinds of different aspects of history, not just military. It also covers religion, politics, specific people and more. Some posts even feature exact events or human relations that happened on the specific date some odd years ago. historyphotographed This is a popular history page on Instagram as it currently has over 2.1 million followers! Like the first one, not much is captioned about the photos aside from generic information. However, the variety topics shared is very diverse! Aside from the typical military, political, historical figure information, this page also shares entertainment history as well. For example, one post features actor Jim Carrey impersonating other celebrities from 1992. This page is both informational and entertaining! the_ww2_memoirs Geared towards World War 2, this Instagram page features posts centered between 1939 and 1945. Although it educates on a huge war, it is not political. All photo rights to the original owners are specifically stated with a provided link to where the pictures were referenced from. The picture captions are very detailed with information regarding the photo. If you like reading, this may be a page you would really enjoy! history_facts_daily This Instagram page is connected to a website discussing history and sourcing where the photo was found. It makes sure to post a daily photo on something about the history around the world. Each photo has a decent paragraph explaining the photo for easy learning. If you like to have a fun fact daily, this Instagram account is the page to check out! worldwars.history Lastly, this Instagram account shares photos that were taken in World War I and World War II. Again, this page is non-political and explains that the photos belong to their owners. However, the pictures are very intriguing! Each picture has detailed information about the period the photo is depicting. Actually, it is terrific for a late night educational read! As you can see there is nothing impossible even if you want to study resting in your bed. Just take your smartphone, open Instagram app and start learning history.

George Orwell s Animal Farm - 1541 Words

American Journalist Carl Hiaasen once said, â€Å"Good satire comes from anger. It comes from a sense of injustice, that there are wrongs in the world that need to be fixed (www.brainyquote.com). In George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm, Orwell fuels his inspiration for the novel from his anger and dislike towards the misuse of governmental power, and the corruption that occurs when the government has too much power. The pigs in this novel represent a government s leaders and the effects of what happens when a government gains too much power and influence over its people. The pigs, especially their leader Napoleon, misuse their power and use it to take advantage of the animal with a lower intelligence level. Orwell satirizes Napoleon by giving him the characteristics of a ruthless dictator who uses education, violence, and rhetoric to control the other animals on the farm. The pigs use rhetoric to convince the animals to adopt Napoleon as their leader and remain loyal to him. The animals on the farm spend their lives being a slave to the farm. Napoleon, however, abuses the animals loyalty, and even though they spend every day of their lives trying to please him, they are never good enough for Napoleon. They are constantly reminded that â€Å"Bravery is not enough... loyalty and obedience are more important† (55). After the deadly battle that allowed Animal Farm to be a free state, Squealer, Napoleon’s messenger, convinces the farm animals that their bravery in the battle was notShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm958 Words   |  4 PagesImagine that you were an animal s or citizen living under Napoleon or Stalin rule and the fear that your life can be taken always from you at any time. In the novel of Animal Farm, George Orwell he wanted to show how a book is a sarcasm of the Russian Revolution during the communist years and the satire of that time between Trotsky and Stalin. Where Orwell chose to create his character base of the common people of Russia at the time of the Revolution. Animal Farm is a social or allegory about NapoleonRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1361 Words   |  6 Pagesfarmer, but of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the english countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master Mr.Jones in order to represent the russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societies oppress the working class as a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concerned. TsarRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1392 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell Never Misuses Words In what was a vastly controversial novel published in 1945, George Orwell’s Animal Farm describes the horrific brand of communism in the Soviet Union and the conscious blindness that most of the West accepted at that time. Although Orwell labeled Animal Farm as a fairy tale, this historically parallel novel branches into the genres of political satire, fable, and allegory as well. What made Animal Farm so controversial among the â€Å"British socialists† and WesternRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1395 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm: The Power of Corruption In George Orwell’s Animal Farm, Orwell illustrates how power corrupts absolutely and how Napoleon degrades the structure and stability of Animal Farm because of the decisions that he makes. I will also expand on the idea of how Old Major’s ideas for an organized society get completely destroyed by Napoleon’s revolutionary actions. It was ironic and satirical that Napoleon’s own power annihilates Animal Farm. The satire in George Orwell’s AnimalRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm922 Words   |  4 Pages In the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, the wisest boar of the farm, Old Major, mimics Karl Marx, the â€Å"Father of Communism,† and Vladimir Lenin, a Russian communist revolutionary. George Orwell introduces direct parallels between the respected figures through their mutual ideas of equality and profoundly appreciated qualities. Furthermore, his utilization of dialect and descriptions represent the key ideas of the novel. Throughout the novel, Orwell continues to show comparisons betweenRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1463 Words   |  6 Pagesbut of late he had fallen on evil days†(Orwell 38). In Animal Farm, George Orwell describes life for the animals on a farm in the English countryside during the mid to early 20th century before, during and after a revolution against their master, Mr.Jones. Orwell does this to represent the Russian revolution and describe to people throughout the free world how leaders in both capitalist and communist societi es oppress the working class. As a result Orwell s tone throughout the novel is concernedRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1645 Words   |  7 PagesPeople respond to control and power differently for various reasons, however, one of the main reasons is based on their personality; their confidence and intelligence. In, Animal Farm by George Orwell, confidence and intelligence is a big factor for why certain animals obtained power and control and why other ones did not. People with confidence and intelligence are likely to gain most of the control and power. People with little intelligence, but lots of confidence are more likely to have someRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1449 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept that the animals in George Orwell’s novel Animal Farm crave. The animals of Animal Farm want freedom from their â€Å"dictator† Farmer Jones and the rest of humanity. Their problem is that Farmer Jones and humanity are still in power. With the bravery of two pigs, Napoleon and Snowball, the animals overthrow their human oppressors and free themselves from humanity. With his new freedom Napoleon craves power and expels Snowball. He becomes the dictator of Animal Farm and makes the farm a place whereRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1360 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion minus the answer.† In George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the author raises the question whether the type of government, communism, is feasible in a community without leading to a type of dictatorship or totalitarianism. Orwell presents the idea that communism is a good idea in theory, but it always leads to corruption by the people who take power. The author presents the novel as an entertaining fable featuring an animal revolution; however, beneath this storyline Orwell utilizes literary devicesRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Animal Farm1403 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Orwell believes â€Å"What you get over and over again is a movement of the proletaria t which is promptly characterized and betrayed by astute people at the top and then the growth of a new governing class. The one thing that never arrives is equality† (Letemendia 1). Orwell simply loathes revolution and thinks it is unfair to the majority, for the people. He thinks that while individuals change, the people in power are always corrupt and they will corrupt any attempt at change. He communicates

What Teachers Should Prepare for in a Teacher Interview

A teacher interview can be extremely stressful for prospective teachers looking to land a new job. Interviewing for any teaching job is not an exact science. Many school districts and school administrators adopt a different methodology for conducting a teacher interview. Approaches on interviewing potential candidates vary greatly from district to district and even school to school. For this reason, potential teaching candidates need to be prepared for anything when they are granted an interview for a teaching position.   Being prepared and relaxed is critical during an interview.  Candidates should always be themselves, confident, candid, and engaging. Candidates should also come in armed with as much information as they can find about the school. They should be able to use that information to explain how they will mesh with the schools philosophy and how they can help improve the school. Finally, candidates should have their own set of questions to ask at some point because an interview presents an opportunity to see if that school is the right fit for them as well. Interviews should always be two-sided. The Interview Panel There are many different formats through which an interview can be conducted including: Single Panel – This interview will be conducted by a single person in a one-on-one setting. Most of the time, this person will be the building principal that you would be directly working for, but could be a superintendent, athletic director, or curriculum director depending on the type of  position you are interviewing for.Small Panel – This interview is conducted with two or three individuals that may include the principal, athletic director, a teacher, and/or superintendent.Committee Panel – This interview is conducted by four or more  individuals formed by a variation of the principal, athletic director, curriculum directors, counselor, teachers, parents, and students.Board of Education Panel – This interview is conducted by the district’s board of education members. Each of these interview panel types may lead into another panel format. For example, after being interviewed by a single panel, you may be called back for a subsequent interview with a committee panel. The Interview Questions No part of the interview process has the potential to be more diverse than the set of questions that can be thrown at you. There are basic questions that most interviewers may ask, but there are so many potential questions that can be posed that it is likely that no two interviews will be conducted the same way. Another factor that plays into the equation is that some interviewers choose to conduct their interview from a script. Others may have a beginning question and then like to be more informal with their questioning letting the flow of the interview lead from one question to another. The bottom line is that you will probably be asked a question during an interview in which you had not thought about. The Interview Mood The mood of the interview is often dictated by the person conducting the interview. Some interviewers are rigid with their questioning making it more difficult on the candidate to show much personality. This is sometimes done intentionally by the interviewer to see how the candidate responds. Other interviewers like to put a candidate at ease by cracking a joke or opening with a light-hearted question meant to help you relax. In either case, it is up to you to adjust to either style and to represent who you are and what you can bring to that particular school. After the Interview Once you have completed the interview, there is still a little more work to do. Send a short follow up email or note simply letting them know that you appreciated the opportunity and enjoyed meeting them. Although you do not want to harass the interviewer, it does show just how much you are interested. From that point all you can do is wait patiently. Remember that they likely have other candidates, and they may still be interviewing for some time. Some schools will give you a courtesy call to let you know that they have decided to go with someone else. This can come in the form of a phone call, a letter, or an email. Other schools will not provide you with this courtesy. If after three weeks, you have not heard anything, then you may call and ask if the position has been filled.

Most Successful People Who Have Down Syndrome Essay

â€Å"When you judge someone based on a diagnosis, you miss out on their abilities and uniqueness† –Sevenly. People tend to jump to conclusions when they see somebody with a disorder. They tend to believe they are incapable of being an active member of society or even incompetent of simple tasks. These are common beliefs when people see people with down syndrome, which are false statements. People with down syndrome are just as capable as people without it. There are many successful people who have down syndrome. Some famous and successful people are: Lauren Potter, a known actress from the T.V series Glee, Angela Bachiller, the first elected councilwoman, Melissa Reilly, a gold medal winner for skiing, swimming and cycling, Sujeet Desai, who plays seven instruments, won numerous awards for music, had a 4.3 average throughout postsecondary school and graduated from Berkshire Hills Music Academy and Pablo Pineda, a writer, speaker, actor (with award for best actor of 2009) and has a bachelor’s degree in educational psychology. (Flanders, 2014). When somebody has a disability, it does not mean they are incapable of being successful or lack talents and qualities. The dictionary definition of down syndrome is â€Å"a genetic disorder, associated with the presence of an extra chromosomes 21, characterized by mild to severe mental impairment, weak muscle tone, shorter stature, and a flattened facial feature† (dictionary.com, 2015). In other words, it is caused when â€Å"abnormal cellShow MoreRelatedDown Syndrome: An Intellectual and Developmental Disability Essay1163 Words   |  5 Pagesone further, Down syndrome. It is one of the most common and easily identified exceptionality and based on the higher prevalence of Down syndrome about 1 in 733 births (About Down Syndrome) I believe that this may be one of the exceptionality I will have an increased chance of encountering during my teaching career. Identifying Down syndrome Down syndrome is a genetic condition which can cause intellectual and developmental disabilities. Persons affected with Down syndrome have the common willRead MoreAn Example Of A And A Neurocognitive Disorders And How They Affect Personality And Behavior Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagespsychology, we have learned about a variety of neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders and how they affect personality and behavior. In this paper I will discuss an example of both a neurodevelopmental and a neurocognitive disorder. Within each of these disorders I will provide behavioral criteria, incidence rates, causes and treatments options for each of the disorders. The first disorder I am going to discuss is the neurodevelopmental disorder, Down Syndrome. Down Syndrome has always beenRead MoreReflection Paper On Down Syndrome1382 Words   |  6 PagesI have always been fascinated by the way that the brain works. Psychology 101 exposed me to child development, state of consciousness and psychological disorders. The following semester, I took an education course focused on inclusive practices within the classroom. This course taught me a lot about the history of disability while training me to look at the world through a different perspective. Most people are not born disabled in fact they become disabled sometime in their life. Both classes sparkedRead MoreA Brief Look at Down Syndrome670 Words   |  3 Pagesbabies being born with what is known as Down Syndrome. In every cell in the human body, there is a nucleus. Typically there are twenty three chromosomes in each nucleus. Down Syndrome occurs when there is extra full or partial copy of chr omosome 21. Down Syndrome is a chromosomal condition that causes low muscle tone, small stature, and a single deep crease across the center of the palm. 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Evaluating Financial Performance Of Banks - 796 Words

Evaluating Financial Performance of Banks When evaluating the financial performance of various banks one must turn to the financial statements that they supply each year to the public as required by the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ( FDIC) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), if it is a publicly traded bank. The annual 10K report that is filed with the SEC along with the corporate websites of the financial institutions that are being looked at are good places to obtain the data necessary to evaluate growth for specific bank and to be able to compare it to other banks. Review the normal ratios that would be looked at for growth, such as return on revenue, operating margin, net income and earnings per share almost when looking to see what type of growth has taken place at a given institution. The three institutions that will be looked at for the scope of this analysis are SunTrust Bank, PNC Bank, and Regions Bank. Each of these institutions are publicly traded and have 10K filings with the SEC. Analysts should never look at ratios alone and the more data one has the better picture one can assimilate to better reflect the true picture of the financial performance of the institution. Caution must be used here as well not to rely heavily on averages since outliers on data can skew averages, may not give an accurate depiction of the actual growth-taking place at a particular bank, and can even be misleading by itself. ToShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of Financial Position And Performance Of Uk Banking Sector1163 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Evaluation of Financial Position and Performance of UK Banking Sector with Respect to Liquidity and Profitability Research Background: Several research studies have done not only about the importance of performance evaluation (financial and non financial) of banks but also for the impact of analysis to the economy and various stakeholder groups. 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The annual 10K report that is filed with the SEC along with the corporate websites of the financial institutions that are being looked at are good places to obtain the data necessaryRead MoreEffects Of Internal Audit Practices On Financial Performance Of Commercial Banks1689 Words   |  7 Pages EFFECTS OF INTERNAL AUDIT PRACTICES ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA (A CASE STUDY OF KENYA COMMERCIAL BANK) GIDALI MUHINDI FRANKLINE A Research Proposal in Partial Fulfillment for the Bachelor of Business Administration of the Technical University of Mombasa 2016 DECLARATION I declare that this research proposal is my original work and has not been presented for a degree award in any other university. Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreAdverse Audit Opinion1282 Words   |  6 Pages Report on the Financial Statements We have audited the financial statements of ABC SDN. BHD., which comprise the balance sheets as at 30 September 2010 of the Group and of the Company, and the income statements, statements of changes in equity and cash flow statements of the Group and of the Company for the year then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory notes, as set out on pages X to XX. Directors’ Responsibility for the Financial Statements TheRead MoreIntroduction Of Indian Banking System Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesSTUDY 11 EXPECTED OUTCOME 12 BIBLOGRAPHY 13 ABSTRACT Banks are the most valuable part on any economy. 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Abc Apparel Case Free Essays

ABC Apparel Case | | | | |Questions | | | | | | | |1 |What are the respective amounts and percentages of Materials, Labor, Overhead and Other in total COGS for ABC? | |* Illustrate on an Excel pie chart showing amounts and percentages for each slice. | | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2 |What percentage of total COGS is represented by what Mr. Price called â€Å"full package† (purchased finished goods)? | | | | | |â€Å"Finished Garments† represent $647 Million. We will write a custom essay sample on Abc Apparel Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now This assumes the purchased finished goods are supplied freight and duty paid; otherwise, applicable freight and duty| | |costs would have to be added. Note that not all freight and duty can be added to this category, since freight and duty must also support the owned supply chain | | |operations. | | |$647 / $2528 = 25. 6% | | | | |3 |Where do you see the largest opportunities for cost reduction? List your Top 3, with strategies to pursue each one. | | |* Explain your selections. | | |Purchase price or cost of supply (TCO) reductions in purchased finished goods. At 38% of COGS, these represent the largest single opportunity for cost | | |management / reduction. | |Material price reductions (30% of COGS) through supply chain procurement practices. | | |Other Costs. Freight and Duty represent almost 10% of COGS, which is probably ripe for improvement. Evaluate reducing carriers from 4-5 to fewer. | | |Labor – At 20%, Labor is a substantial percentage of cost but has probably already given up the â€Å"low hanging cost fruit† in the relocation to offshore | | |geography, and would probably be difficult to further reduce. | | | | |4 |Which functional areas would you prioritize in your cost reduction efforts? Why? | | | | |Following the same priorities in Question 3: | | |Purchase price or cost of supply (TCO) reductions in purchased finished goods. Apply supply chain procurement practices such as negotiated price reductions, | | |reverse auctions, global sourcing, target costing, centralizing procurement, spend analysis or supplier rationalization. | | |Material price reductions. Apply supply chain procurement practices such as negotiated price reductions, reverse auctions, global sourcing, target costing, | | |centralizing procurement, spend analysis or supplier rationalization. | | |Other Costs Reduction. Freight and Duty represent almost 10% of COGS, which is probably ripe for improvement. | | |Labor Cost Reduction. At 20%, Labor is a substantial percentage of cost but has probably already given up the â€Å"low hanging cost fruit† in the relocation to | | |offshore geography, and would probably be difficult to further reduce. | | | | |5 |Which internal manufacturing processes would you prioritize for improvement? Why? | | |Evaluate moving the textile manufacturing processes (yarn through Fabric Finishing) from US to offshore, preferably close to the cutting operations. If the key | | |materials could be sourced in-region, this would eliminate the cost, risk and lead time of shipping these products from the US to Central America / Caribbean, | | |reducing the high freight costs. | | |Evaluate Supplier Relationship Management programs with Asia garment suppliers. Objective would be to fully identify and reduce â€Å"hidden† costs of supply from | | |this region through collaborative problem-solving and joint incentives (â€Å"gainsharing†) for improved performance. | | |Pursue lead time reductions and reduced lead time variability through improved logistics practices. Seek use of technologies to identify logistics wait times | | |and unplanned delays. Consider use of a 3PL to become accountable for coordinating all Western Hemisphere logistics, negotiating with the major carriers to | | |reduce costs, pre-clearing all shipments through customs, etc. | | | | |6 |What is the ratio of internal manufacturing cost to purchased garment cost? | | | | | |Ratio, internal to external costs | | |275% | | | | | Internal $1,881 | | |External | | |$647 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |7 |Assuming a SGA rate of 24% and a gross margin of 35%, what annual revenue would you estimate for ABC? Show your calculations. | | | | | |[pic] | | | | |8 |What is ABC’s net profit margin, in dollars and percent? | | | | |11% | | |$428 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |9 |What is ABC’s â€Å"profit leverage effect† of reducing purchased item costs? How much additional revenue would be required to equal a 5% reduction in purchased | | |prices paid? | [pic] | | | | | | | | | | | | | †¢ 5% of 1404 = $70 Million. So, reducing purchased costs by 5% reduces COGS and increases profit by $70M. †¢ To yield an equivalent increase through sales, sales must increase by ($70/. 35) = $200 Million (6%). How to cite Abc Apparel Case, Papers

Teacher Code of Ethics free essay sample

Each Trustee, student, Faculty member, and administrative employee is bound to this common duty in the pursuit of his or her individual responsibility to the educational objectives of the UNIVERSITY We owe this duty not only to each Other, but also to our existential neighbors and the Government that represents the interests of all citizens. Honesty and fair dealing are the hallmark of this institution, inherited from those who have come before us and a sacred trust that we must leave to those who will follow. Howard University a. Introduction ? As members of the Stanford University community, all faculty, staff, and students, members of the Board of Trustees, University Officers and affiliates are responsible for sustaining the highest ethical standards of this institution, and of the broader community in which we function.The University values integrity, honesty and airiness and strives to integrate these values into its teaching, research and business practices. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Code of Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page B. Purpose ? In that spirit, this Code (the Code) is a shared statement of our commitment to upholding the ethical, professional and legal standards we use as the basis for our daily and long-term decisions and actions. We all must be cognizant of and comply with the relevant policies, standards, laws and regulations that guide our work. We are each individually accountable for our own actions and, as members of the University community, are collectively accountable for upholding these tankards of behavior and for compliance with all applicable laws and policies. C. Violations ? Adherence to this Code also makes us responsible for bringing suspected violations of applicable standards, policies, laws or regulations to the attention of the appropriate cognizant office.Raising such concerns is a service to the University and will not jeopardize ones position or employment. Confirmed violations will result in appropriate disciplinary action up to and including termination from employment or other relationships with the University. In some circumstances, civil and criminal harass and penalties may apply. APPLICABILITY The Code of Ethics and Conduct applies to the members of the Board Of Trustees, all students, Faculty, and administrative personnel (University Community). Because of the sensitive nature of some positions and the high degree of trust placed in those individuals occupying such positions, this code will place special responsibilities on Trustees and Senior Administrative RESPONSIBILITIES The university shares the following fundamental responsibilities: To Our Students We owe the right of fair access to all educational opportunities and benefits available at the university in an environment that is free Of invidious harassment, discrimination, or intimidation.TO our Faculty We must offer a fair opportunity to teach, conduct research, and to provide service to the community in a setting that provides the academic freedom necessary to cultivate a wide expanse of ideas and teaching methods. To Our Administrative Staff ? We must provide the opportunity to serve the Institution to their fullest potential and in a work environment that is safe and free from illegal discrimination. To Our Neighbors We must operate our facilities in a way that d oes not fairly deprive any of our existential neighbors of a valid property right.At all times, we should conduct ourselves in a manner that avoids any diminution in the quality of our neighborhood. TO Our Trustees We owe our honesty and best judgment. We must manage the universitys assets prudently and fairly in accordance with the Trustees direction and the within the constrains of law. To Our Government We have an obligation to always be truthful in our dealings with both the City and the Federal Governments and to never do or tolerate any circumstance within our control that can result in the improper use of public funds.

Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood , by David Osborne. free essay sample

A critical review of this essay on gender. The paper reviews this essay, written by a professional writer, David Osbourne, who also defined himself as a househusband. The paper assesses the claim by Osbourne, that his staying at home upset conventional gender norms and changed the way childcare is valued in society. It is interesting that, even in defense of nontraditional gender roles, there is a certain level of defensiveness in Osbornes own explanation of what he does all day. This has his roots in the societal attitudes Osborne is subjected to as someone whose child is not cared for in the standard way by parents in conventionally accepted gender roles. A father is supposed to be an economic provider rather than a nurturer. A father is supposed to be outside of the home and come home at night, rather than the childs mother. Even though Osborne clearly works, because he is able to labor in the conventionally female realm of the home, his work is supposed to have less value in the eyes of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Beyond the Cult of Fatherhood? , by David Osborne. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

ESSAY WRITING STEP BY STEP Essays - Writing, Education,

ESSAY WRITING STEP BY STEP "Write an essay? But I don't know how!" If you are unnerved by the thought of writing a college essay, remember that this task can be accomplished in the same way as any other-one step at a time. An effective essay is the result of careful thinking, planning, writing, and revising. If you work hard on the first two steps, the last two will be much easier. Your goal is to produce an essay whose content is focused, well-developed, and clear. THINKING (Many decisions must be made before you actually write anything down.) 1. Consider purpose: The general purpose of your essay will usually be determined by your instructor. To be sure you know the specific purpose of your particular essay, complete this sentence: "The purpose of my essay is to ...." Example: General Purpose: Describe in detail an important characteristic of a person you know well. Specific purpose: The purpose of my essay is to describe my mother's kindness toward her family, friends, and co-workers. 2. Consider audience: The identity of your audience will determine how much background information will be necessary and what terms need to be used or defined. For example, an essay written for nurses on care of the elderly will include less background and more technical information than an essay written for the general public on the same topic. Unless directed otherwise, you should write for an uninformed audience. Even if your instructor is your audience, you still need to write as if he or she has little familiarity with your topic because your instructor wants to know the depth of your understanding. 3. Consider tone: The tone of your writing reveals your attitude toward your subject. Definition essays are usually written in an objective tone, but a humorous tone may be appropriate for a personal narrative. 4. Select and narrow a topic: Your topic should have significance for the reader and should be specific enough for you to adequately discuss in the required number of words or pages. If research is necessary, you may find it easier to first gather material on your general topic and then narrow your topic. (These two steps may need to be repeated more than once as you work on your paper.) For example, if you need to write a five-page essay on the effects of air pollution, you would severely limit the scope of your paper. The following example shows how to narrow your topic until the focus is specific enough for a five-page paper: The effects of air pollution (most general) The effects of air pollution on children's health The effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases in urban children The effects of air pollution on the prevalence and severity of childhood asthma in urban areas (most specific) 5. Choose a writing strategy: To communicate ideas to readers, writers employ many types of strategies, such as description, narration, comparison/contrast, definition, classification, argument/persuasion, analysis, and evaluation. The strategy (or "method" or "mode") you choose for a particular assignment will be partly determined by the purpose of your assignment and the expectations of the instructor. Using primarily one strategy may be appropriate for one assignment, while using several strategies may strengthen the effectiveness of another essay. Copyright Tacoma Community College Writing Center. All rights reserved. PLANNING (Write down a plan to guide you when you write your first draft.) 1. Create a tentative thesis: Write out the main point you want to make about your topic in a complete sentence. This sentence is called a thesis; it should be a mini-summary of your whole essay. Everything else that you write will be related to this idea. If you are able to at this point, write out your possible sub-points in sentences, also. Sub- points are the ideas you present to support ("prove") your thesis. In an argument essay the sub-points would be the reasons for your claim. The sub-points of a compare/contrast essay would be the similarities and differences between two or more subjects. You might not use these sentences word-for-word in your essay, but by writing out your ideas in this way you ensure that your thinking about your topic is crystal clear, which will assist you in remaining focused on your topic. Note: If your thesis must be supported by research, you need to read widely and take notes by whatever method you prefer before writing your tentative thesis. Be sure to include all necessary citation information in your notes. 2. Write down supporting content in a loosely-organized way: In order to logically relate your own ideas or contents

Mode Of Production in Marxism

Mode Of Production in Marxism The mode of production is a central concept in Marxism and is defined as the way a society is organized to produce goods and services. It consists of two major aspects: the forces of production and the relations of production. The forces of production include all of the elements that are brought together in production – from land, raw material, and fuel to human skill and labor to machinery, tools, and factories. The relations of production include relationships among people and people’s relationships to the forces of production through which decisions are made about what to do with the results. In Marxist theory, the  mode of production concept was used to illustrate the historical differences between different societies economies, and Karl Marx most commonly commented on Asiatic, slavery/ancient, feudalism, and capitalism. Karl  Marx and Economic Theory The ultimate end-goal of Marxs economic theory was a post-class society formed around principles of socialism or communism; in either case, the mode of production concept played a key role in understanding the means through which to achieve this goal. With this theory, Marx differentiated various economies throughout history, documenting what he called historical materialisms dialectical stages of development. However, Marx failed to be consistent in his invented terminology, resulting in a vast number of synonyms, subsets and related terms to describe the various  systems. All of these names, of course, depended upon the means through which communities obtained and provided necessary goods and services to one another. Therefore relationships between these people became the  source of their namesake. Such is the case with communal, independent peasant, state, and slave while others operated from a more  universal  or national  standpoint like  capitalist, socialist and communist. Modern Application Even now, the idea of overthrowing the capitalist system in favor of a communist or socialist one that favors the employee over the company, the citizen over state, and the countryman over country, but its a hotly contested debate. To give context to the argument against capitalism, Marx argues that by its very nature, capitalism can be viewed as a positive, and indeed revolutionary, economic system whos downfall is its dependence on exploiting and alienating the worker.   Marx further argued that capitalism is inherently doomed to fail for this very reason: the worker would eventually consider itself oppressed by the capitalist and start a social movement to change the system to a more communist or socialist means of production. However, he warned, this would occur only if a class-conscious proletariat organized successfully to challenge and overthrow the domination of capital.

Emerging Viruses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emerging Viruses - Essay Example Obviously, it is adaptation which ensures continuity of its kind. While the constituencies of human living cells have not evolved, men have learned how to boost their immune system. This is to maintain good health, and to avoid the dangers of pathogens, without necessarily altering normal physiology. Fortunately, increasing the body's resistance to dreadful diseases has become ordinary because of the intensified information technology as well as the new findings and concoctions in the field of pharmacy. Some may have precautionary vaccines to develop antibodies, and others may have resorted to proper medication when ill with identified pathogens (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Unfortunately, these created barriers to the normal multiplication of pathogens, and are the most likely switch factors to the evolution of either the DNA or the RNA, whichever is present in an animal virus that infect cells. Normally, animal viruses complete their customary multiplication cycle in six (6) stages (Engelkirk and Burton, 2007). Initially, viruses attach on recognized receptors, usually proteins or polysaccharides, on surfaces of their specific living host cells ("Transmission of Influenza A Viruses and People-Information from CDC" 81).

Personnel Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personnel Management - Essay Example When a company takes on a particular mode of employer-employee relations, the choice is often dictated by Purcell's (1987) "guiding principles" which give due consideration to such factors as the stockholders' interests, the market conditions in which the company operates, the company's level of growth, management's biases and its perceptions of power and conflict. It is believed that personnel management systems are also determined by the different dimensions of organizational ownership, size, strategy and structure, not to mention past history and market conditions. Based on these influences, the management-labor relations mode that emerges is either the "unitary" or "pluralist" type (Fox, 1966, 1974). The managers inclined to a unitary frame of reference believe that management and employees share a common interest, namely, the survival and growth of the company, and as such should find as aberrant any conflict that may result from the existence of a labor union or any company troublemakers. The pluralist view, on the other hand, recognizes that all stakeholders in the company have legitimate interests that should be met, diverse though they may be. For this reason, the different interest groups, including the unions, are within their rights "to bargain and compete to get a share in the balance of power and to achieve a negotiated order out of diversity (Legge, Karen)." Individualism and Collectivism The unitary and pluralist theory of Fox on employee relations resemble Purcell's concept of individualism and collectivism in many ways, except in the attitude towards unionism and collective bargaining. Individualism and collectivism, as defined, are not opposites but two facets of a managerial belief system concerning employees. The individualist style of management attaches value to the individual and his right to advancement and fulfillment at work. Hence, this leans more on paternalism and eschews the group action characterized by unionism. In a collectivist regime, management recognizes the collective interests and rights of a group of people in the decision making process, which can best be expressed through a labor union. There is another, more radical frame of reference said to be of Marxist origin that looks at society as a jumble of antagonistic class interests. Called "macho management," this theory runs along the same lines of the dog-eat-dog concept in which the weak will be eaten alive by the strong if the former do not watch out. Society, according to this concept, is cleaved by deeply rooted social and political inequalities and is held together as much by coercion as by consent. Management in this configuration keeps a distance from employees and generally treats them with suspicion. As work inducement, the macho managers try to keep the workers in line with the carrot-and-stick approach. 5 Employee Relations Models Under the Purcell and Fox frames of reference, there are five different models of management-employee relations: traditionalist, sophisticated-paternalist, consultative, constitutionalist and standard-modern. The traditional style views people as simply a factor of production, as hands to be exploited or a cost

Nokia Challenges In Rural Marketing In India

Nokia Challenges In Rural Marketing In India The world is witnessing an unprecedented growth in the number of people who own a mobile handset. According to a September 2009 Economist report, the total number of people who owned a personal mobile handset stood at a whopping 3.6 billion, which is more than half of the worlds population. The point that is worth noting here is the fact that the majority of this growth has come from the developing nations. In the year 2000, the developing countries accounted for only one-fourth of the worlds 700 million mobile phones. But, by the beginning of 2009, developing nations accounted for more than 75%. Considering the fact that the developed markets are saturated, it is the developing worlds rural poor which will fuel the growth in this market in the coming times. [1] Exhibit 1 shows the share in mobile phone subscriptions of the developing nations and that of the developed nations in the last decade. [2] It is in this context, we consider the case of the Indian mobile handsets market which has seen a sea change in the last decade owing to a number of critical success factors. India is presently the worlds fastest growing telecom market in terms of the subscriptions as well as the number of mobile handsets. The mobile subscribers in India are projected to grow at a CAGR of 15% in the next 5 years from 2010 to 2014. [3] This shows the tremendous opportunity that exists in the Indian telecom market for the handset manufacturers. Indian Telecom Industry The Indian telecom Industry is the worlds fastest growing telecom Industry in the world with a total of 706.37 million subscribers out of a population of 1180 million. As of Aug 2010, out of the 706.37 million, a whopping 670.60 are mobile phone connections.[4] The Indian mobile telephony market adds more than 20 million subscribers a month on an average and for the first time in the year 2008-09, rural India outpaced urban India in mobile growth rate. The growth in the Indian telecom sector can be attributed to several factors which include the rising disposable incomes of households, rising aspirations of consumers across the country, the enhanced utility of a mobile phone for people from all walks of life be it business or education or just information. The mobile handsets revolution has changed the lifestyle of consumers by giving them a faster way to reach their near and dear ones, by making their life easier in more ways than one. The growth drivers for mobile handsets can be attributed to the telecom service providers and off late, it is also the mobile phone applications that are fuelling the increasing adoption of mobile phones as they give the consumers a whole range of new services he/she can avail by using a mobile phone. Mobile phones in India are fast changing into a commodity with the entry of numerous players in the market and similarity of offerings by the existing competition. Exhibit 7 shows the change in consumer decision making that has occurred over the years in the Indian mobile handsets market. It has changed from a High Involvement-Low Experience product to a Low Involvement-High Experience product. Mobile phones are mainly divided into 4 categories in the handsets industry in India: Smart Phones: These are essentially the high end phones which have many features and have the internet accessibility capabilities and Wi-Fi technology. This space is mainly dominated by the multinational brands like Nokia, Samsung, Blackberry, and Sony Ericsson. The general price range for such phones varies from Rs. 10,000 to Rs.35000 in the marketplace. DUAL SIM: This is the fastest growing category in the Indian market accounting for more than 35% of the total shipments in the beginning of year 2010. The principle reason so as to why these phones are in such great demand is the fact that consumers want to reap benefits of the attractive offers provided by telecom players. In this regard, Multi-SIM handsets are also being launched and they are fast becoming the next trend in this space. The market for this is mostly dominated by domestic manufacturers like Lava, Karbonn, Micromax, MAXX and Zen Mobiles among other players. It was only in September 2010, Nokia has launched its first ever DUAL SIM handset after it realized the huge demand for such models in the market. The general price range for such mobiles varies from Rs.2000 to Rs.5000 Touch Phones: These are the type of handsets which do not have any manual keys and are completely sensor based touchscreen handsets. These are extremely fashion oriented handsets which are in-vogue among the youth and fast catching up with all types of consumers due to their visual appeal and ease of use. The market for such handsets was mainly dominated by the multinationals but now it is cluttered with the entry of Indian players such as Micromax, Spice mobiles and others. The general price range for such mobile phones varies from Rs.5000 to Rs.15000. CDMA: These handsets use a different technology compared to others which are GSM based mobile phones. CDMA handsets are generally cheaper than their GSM counterparts. They are mainly preferred by consumers who have a heavier usage of mobile phone. The general price range of CDMA phones is Rs.1000 to Rs5000. This market is evenly distributed between Indian players as well as multinationals. Exhibit number 5 shows the type of handsets that fall into each of this category in the Indian market. The current tele-density in India stands at 58.17% and this is projected to reach up to 82% by the year 2012. The rural Indian market has a tele-density of 24% as of March 2010 whereas the Urban tele-density has already crossed the 100% mark* [5]. Considering the fact that around 65% of Indias total population lives in rural areas, we can say in other words, that every third person holding a mobile phone is from rural India. Therefore, it offers a huge potential for growth in coming years for the various handset manufacturers. Also, with the upcoming of 3G technology in the Indian market, the sector as a whole is likely to see robust growth in the coming years. In addition to this, the Indian mobile handsets market is witnessing a sea change in terms of the expectations of the consumers. It is being observed that consumers are demanding phones with multimedia and multi SIM capabilities at very affordable prices, especially in the Tier-3 and rural regions. Indian mobile handset makers are fast making inroads into the Tier-2, Tier-3 and rural markets which offer tremendous growth potential. Multi-SIM handsets accounted for a whopping 38.5% of the market in the 1st quarter of year 2010. Rural India: A huge opportunity in mobile handsets market The market for mobile phones in rural India remains highly untapped and offers a very high potential. It is this immense opportunity and the inability of the foreign based multinationals in understanding the Indian consumers that has led to the proliferation of numerous local manufacturers who now pose a serious threat to the existing players. According to a research by the Research and Markets, the market for mobile phones in rural India is projected to grow at a CAGR of 17% in the years 2009-2012. [17] It is also being suggested that the availability of low cost long battery phones will primarily drive the growth in these markets. The Mobile Handsets Market in India This unprecedented level of growth in the mobile usage of the Indian population has also lead to the birth and proliferation of a number of home grown mobile handset manufacturers. The market for mobile handsets which was once dominated by the likes of Nokia, Sony Ericsson and Motorola are being fast replaced by domestic Indian concerns like Micromax, MAXX, Videocon, Lava, Karbonn, Spice mobiles, Zen Mobiles to name a few. These domestic players have a strong penetration in the smaller towns and rural hinterlands of the country because they understand the needs of the local people better than the multi-nationals. Some of the innovations from the regional players include a 45 day battery phone, a solar powered cell phone to cater to the perennial power shortage in rural India. Again, there have been launches of mobiles that are dust resistant, water-proof and high decibel to cater to various needs that are unique to the rural Indian consumers. According to a research conducted by Voice and Data, the total market share of all the Indian mobile handset manufacturers came to 14%, which is quite a significant number considering the complete dominance of Nokia and other foreign players like Motorola and Sony Ericsson till very recently. Micromax leads the Indian mobile handset manufacturers with a market share of 4.1% followed by Spice mobiles with 3.9% and Karbonn with a market share of 3% respectively. However, Nokia still continues to be the market leader in the Indian market with a share of 52.2%. [6] Exhibit 3 shows the market shares of various players in the Indian market and a comparison in the years 2008-09 and 2009-10 is being tabulated as shown. [7] The following are the details about various players in the Indian mobile handsets market: Nokia: The Finland based multi-national is the worlds largest manufacturer of mobile telephones with a global market share of 30% in the beginning of 2010. Its latest offering is its OVI technology platform which offers a wide range of internet services such as games, music, maps, media and messaging. Nokia made its entry into the Indian market in the year 1995 [11] and there are many firsts to Nokias credit in the Indian mobile handsets market. It would not be an overstatement to say that Nokia has pioneered the evolution of mobile telephony in the Indian market. For instance, the first mobile call in India on an Indian network was made on Nokia phone and they were the first to introduce a camera phone as well as the first Wi-Fi enabled phone. Samsung: It is currently the worlds second largest mobile phone manufacturer after Nokia. It is a part of Samsung Electronics, based out of South Korea which is the worlds largest electronics company. [12] It is one of the major players in the Indian mobile handsets market and is known for its stylish phones as well as utility oriented models. The famous Indian actor Aamir Khan has been the brand ambassador of Samsung Mobiles in India and this has given the brand a good mileage in terms of product acceptance and trust ahead of big players like Nokia. Their anti-theft mobile tracker is one of the most successful features in the market and was highly appreciated by the consumers. Micromax: The Gurgaon based handset manufacturer started its operations in the year 1991 but it has made its presence felt in the last 2-3 years. With a slew of product launches with attractive features and value-proposition, it is now currently the third largest player in the Indian mobile handsets market after Nokia and Samsung. It appealed majorly to the high-potential underserved rural market with its 1 month battery backup model. It has also come up with attractive models at prices as low as 50% to that of a Nokia phone with the same features. Motorola: The American telecommunications giant has lost market share to other players in the Indian market. It also did not feature in the top 5 mobile handset manufacturers in the world in the International Data Corporation (IDC) research carried out in the beginning of year 2010. [14] Exhibit 4 shows the top mobile phone vendors, their market shares and the shipments of the top 5 mobile handset manufacturers in the world. Motorola had become the second largest player in the Indian market in the year 2007 on the back of its aggressive promotions and innovative product line. It had roped in the Bollywood actor Abhishek Bachhan as the brand ambassador during that time. Sony Ericsson: Sony followed a similar strategy and launched a series of phones which has very good music features that reflected the Sony Walkman legacy. Actor Hritik Roshan was the brand ambassador for Sony Ericsson in India and during this time, the company had gained considerable market share before its decline started due to the rise of local Indian handset manufacturers. Blackberry: The parent company RIM continues to be one of the top notch manufacturers of high end business phones in the world and as given in exhibit 3, it is currently the 4th largest handset maker in the world. In India, it targets only the business users and hence uses different communication channels rather than the mass media which is used by other manufacturers. HTC: This is a Taiwan based manufacturer of smartphones which made smartphones based on Windows software but is now shifting to Googles Android as its operating system. It has a very small presence in the Indian market and it has no intentions to come up with handsets that will be targeted at the Indian rural consumers. Spice Mobiles: This is a part of Spice Telecom which is majorly owned by the Aditya Birla Group and is currently the 5th largest player in the Indian market. It is being endorsed by the Bollywood actress Priyanka Chopra. Lava Mobiles: It is one of the recent entrants in the Indian market which has launched a series of handsets which offers the DUAL SIM capability which is very highly demanded especially in the rural areas since many consumers in rural India buy one phone for a group of individuals and it is shared. Karbonn: It is a Joint venture between two players: UTL group and Jaina group. It is being endorsed by the Indian cricketer Virender Sehwag which the company believes is a good move since the mobiles they manufacture are positioned in the same tone as that of the playing style of Sehwag, which is explosive and agile. MAXX: Endorsed by the Indian cricket team captain M S Dhoni, this is one of the leading brands from the Indian mobile handset manufacturers. Videocon: This Company which is a conglomerate has diverse interests ranging from telecom to petroleum to power generation. They entered the Indian mobile handsets market in November 2009 [15] The Videocon group has also gained the rights to be the T-shirt sponsors of the famous Indian Premier League (IPL) team, the Mumbai Indians. This has given Videocon mobiles a lot of visibility and created awareness, which is very important considering the fact that it is still a new entrant in the highly competitive mobile handsets market. The market for handsets in India has evolved drastically over the last one decade with consumers expecting a lot more out of their mobiles rather than just making a call or sending a message. Exhibit 2 shows the various applications in mobile handsets as a percentage of total number of mobile phones shipped in India from the years 2007-2009. [7] It is precisely in this space that most of the recent players in the Indian mobile handsets market have positioned themselves. They offer more features in their handsets at the same price as the market leaders, Nokia being the benchmark of sorts in the Industry. Analysis of commercials of Nokia in the last 5 years In order to understand the communication strategy of Nokia in the last 5 years, a thorough analysis of all their TV commercials was carried out. This helped to understand their positioning and the type of customers they are primarily targeting. Given below are the series of analysis of their commercials for their various models of handsets. Nokia Xpress music 5310 and 5700: The commercial involves a plot in which there are shown lot of young students (all were apparently from a city background) in a hostel enjoy their music non-stop on the new Xpress music Nokia phones. This commercial also highlights the 18 hours non-stop music capability of this phone from Nokias stable. Nokia 1110i and 1600: In this commercial, the creative involves a husband coming back to his home in the village and he has his wife and daughter waiting for him. The husband gets stuck on the way as his vehicle gets damaged. Then, a neighbor in the village who has a Nokia phone helps in reaching the neighbors husband through the Nokia phone and thus an emotional connect is being formed for Nokia. It is also nicely captured in the advertisement where in the end, the daughter asks her mother: Kya hum bhi Nokia le lein? Nokia 3110 Classic: In this advertisement, the plot involves a young boy trying to impress a young girl through his Nokia mobile phone which has an 8ÃÆ'- zoom capability and a one touch camera option. This again focuses on the urban segment as the attire and the ambience as shown in the advertisement reflects a citys environs. Nokia 6300, 5310 and 2630: the commercial is more of an attempt towards corporate advertising where Nokia is being shown as a part of every moment of joy in the lives of people across the country. All the regional festivals are being shown and people have been shown clicking pictures, playing music etc. from their Nokia phones to celebrate their moment of joy. This ad shows no discrimination towards an urban or rural background. Nokia 7610 and 3600: It is a commercial which reflects the lifestyle, attitudes and aspirations of the modern day young girl. This again is filmed against the backdrop of a city projecting a metropolitan girl. The ad is a lively ad that captures the essence of the modern day lifestyle and the phone tries to reflect the same. This is again a commercial that focuses on the urban way of life and the youth belonging to such places. Nokia Navigation (Maps): This advertisement shows a character who finds her way all up to the house of her destination through the help of Nokia maps. This commercial emphasizes the utility of Nokias series of applications and tools to attract customers towards them. This is one of Nokias responses in countering the competition from numerous local Indian players. But, again this is an advertisement focused at the Indian urban population rather than rural where they are presently losing out to more nimble footed players. Nokia priority dealer: manpasand mobile guaranteed. The commercial shows an individual trying to find a good new mobile for him but has to do all the running to so many places. He is shown to be running after one model to the other but not able to catch hold of the phone that he is actually looking for. In the end, a Nokia priority dealer store is shown where he can find all the models of Nokia phones, thereby reducing his hassles. That is why the tagline in the beginning is apt. Nokia 1208 and 1209: This advertisement inspires the viewer by showing that all the dreams of an individual like owning a house, a car and taking a flight etc. will come true one day. Again, the ad goes on to show that Nokia is there for the consumer in realizing their dreams in life. These are the two low end phones of Nokia and there is a clear focus towards the aam aadmi of India who dreams of a better life. There is no discrimination of urban and rural in this case also. Nokia 6270: this advert shows the new Nokia phone which has a memory capacity of 1GB which was unheard of in the Indian mobile handsets market in the year 2006. The commercial shows the precision and perfection with which the phone has been designed. It is being positioned as an exclusive handset which is for those who desire perfection in life. This again has no clear bias on whether it is targeted at the urban consumers or the rural consumers. Nokia (Corporate): This commercial features the Indian star actor Shahrukh khan which shows his life as a superstar. The commercial explains how his Nokia phone has been there with him for the last 10 years and now he has a trust for that brand. The ad ends with Shahrukh Khan saying hamara Nokia. This is an advertisement that focuses on corporate branding of Nokia rather than any particular model. Nokia E-Series Business Phones: This commercial initially shows how it is very difficult for a modern day executive to balance and get the best of both his personal as well as professional life. And then the new Nokia E series business phones have been shown as the ideal solution using which the executive is able to merge his personal as well as professional commitments and is content with his wife, kids and work. This advert again has an urban focus in a thorough and distinct manner. Nokia OVI Music Unlimited: this commercial emphasizes on the unlimited music options that are available with the new Nokia OVI music store where one can get and store literally a million songs from the OVI store. The ad has a strong catchy theme and it does not have any bias towards an urban or rural backdrop. But, inevitably this also gives away its urban focus in the latter part of the ad. Nokia 1650 and 2626: This commercial shows the Radio (FM) feature in their handsets and how Radio still has a future in our multimedia world where there are numerous options for entertainment. Songs from all the possible types of genre have been shown playing on the radio through the Nokia handsets. This advertisement is targeted at all the target groups with no clear focus on the youth or the urban-rural distinction in particular. Nokia 1600: This advertisement is a fast paced creative where it is being shown how colors are a part of the life of an Indian and how colors are integrated into every aspect of our life. Various individuals from different walks of life have been shown in this ad. This ad also reflects the product that is being endorsed here: a phone for the common man of India. It ends with the caption: naya Nokia 1600, har jeb main rang. Nokia 7710, Experience: this advertisement shows an individual enjoying a music video on a screen that is so wide that it almost feels to him like a theater. The effect of the widescreen has been shown very distinctly in the commercial. This is one of the higher prices phones from the stable of Nokia. There is once again no clear distinction so as to who is the target audience for this product. Nokia 6300: This advertisement ends with the statement true style never shouts. The advertisement begins with a scene where a shooting for some purpose is going on and the director asks the professionals on the set to continuously remove all the glitz and showy backgrounds. In the end, a simple white background is what suits the need perfectly. Thus, the statement that true style doesnt need any showbiz associated with it. This is an effort to tell the consumers about the simplicity and reliability of Nokia as a brand with respect to all its recent competitors in the Indian market which have focused more on the showbiz. Insights from the commercials From the above advertisements and various corporate promotions carried out by Nokia in the last 5 years (a time during which a lot of new domestic players have entered the Indian mobile handsets market), a clear pattern that emerges is that Nokia has still not focused exclusively on the rural Indian consumers who form a major chunk of the population that uses mobile phones on todays date. There are many commercials which exclusively focus on the modern day youth of urban India and their lifestyles, attitudes and aspirations. But, there are very few advertisements and promotions that show Nokias willingness to target the rural Indian consumer. One of the reasons for this may be the fact there are no products that Nokia has exclusively designed that can fulfill multiple needs of the rural consumers other than just phone and messaging. Its only product that found an instant hit with the rural consumers was the 1100 model which had an in-built torch light. But, there were many needs of the rural consumers which could have been fulfilled with the help of mobile phones but Nokia did not come out with such products. It is in this space that almost all the new Indian domestic players have been very successful. Micromax, the Gurgaon based mobile handset manufacturer is one such case in point. They realized the acute shortage of electricity in the rural hinterlands of India and it was being observed that consumers need a phone the battery of which lasts for longer periods of time than the usual 2 days on an average. They aggressively promoted their new handsets which lasted for a month after being charged once. This was also accompanied by their sales promotions which offered phones at highly discounted rates and with more features than what a Nokia phone would offer at the same price. This trend continued and it led to the entry of other domestic players like Lava, Karbonn, Spice among others in the Indian mobiles market. Each of the player offered much more enhanced features than Nokia and at a price which is in many cases as low as 60% to that of a Nokia phone. Another very common trend that was again captured by the Indian manufacturers as well as some of the cheaper Chinese mobile manufacturers in India was the Dual SIM concept. Increasingly, people felt the need to use the services of two service providers at the same time and buying two phones for this purpose was not feasible for most of them. This was again catered to by these players who launched a slew of Dual SIM mobile phones at prices that were very competitive in comparison to a similar phone with a single SIM capability. One more such feature of the latest offerings from domestic players has been the ability to handle multiple accounts from a single handset. This has been an instant hit with the consumers of Rural India where a group of people now own a mobile phone. This reduces the burden on each particular individual and also at the same time ensures connectivity. Unfortunately, for Nokia has not paid much attention to these innovations in the initial stages and now it has woken up to reduced market share which has dropped down drastically from 78% five years ago to 52.2% in the year 2010.[4],[5] Analysis Our analysis was intended to find so as to how the Indian consumer perceives various brands depending upon their communication, their positioning and their overall marketing efforts which include different type of promotional activities. In this regard, a questionnaire was being developed which tried to measure the attitudes and perceptions of consumers in general towards Nokia and other brands of mobile phones that they use. From the responses thus obtained, a simple arithmetic coding was being done to quantify the responses and thus we obtained average scores on each parameter of importance in a mobile phone. For instance, here we calculated the average score that each brand of mobile phone gets on parameters such as price, battery back-up, sound quality among all other features. The MS excel sheet attached below gives an idea of how the responses were coded and then converted into a perceptual map. For better visibility, the averages were being coded further using simple arithmetic techniques as shown in the sheet as under: Perceptual Map Analysis In order to find out the current day perception of Nokia with respect to its various competitors in the Indian mobile phone market, as mentioned earlier, a questionnaire was being designed. This was circulated among a select group of respondents. It was being ensured that there are users of all the kinds of brands of mobile phones that are popular in the Indian market. It is mandatory that we get at least 6 responses each of the various brands of mobile handsets for them to be reasonably eligible to find a place on the perceptual map and thus be compared with other brands of phones. Exhibit 6 shows the questionnaire that was being circulated among the consumers who owned a mobile handset. From the perceptual map, it is clear that Nokia is perceived to be more expensive when compared with other domestic players in terms of the features that they offer for a given price point. In order to counter this, Nokia either has to come up with products that are exclusively designed for the rural masses with customized support for them in terms of the local language and certain locally relevant tools. Also, as we can see that there is no real difference in terms of the local manufacturers of handsets as all of them offer a slew of features at prices which are very low in comparison to the existing multinationals like Nokia and Blackberry. In this regard, Nokia can take a lesson from the stable of Samsung which has adopted an innovative strategy in dealing with the rural Indian market. It has launched a series of products like Samsung Guru, which are specifically targeted at the rural masses and have been very successful with their advertisement campaigns for the same. Nokias current strategy for the Indian Rural Market With a population of more than 800 million, rural India offers huge potential and Nokia has realized it. Nokia has already started its rural marketing as well as communication initiatives and have a well chalked out plan for the coming years. Given below are some of the steps that Nokia has already taken in this regard: It has tied up with 1000 micro-finance institutions across the country which will help in financing the mobile phone purchases of the rural consumers. It has tie up with big players like SKS Micro-finance which has a network of 653 branches across the nation It has come up with showrooms on the wheels which is its rural marketing vehicle that is a novel approach in this market and is borrowed from the FMCG industry where such activation programs are commonplace. Nokia has hired certain professionals who go to the villages and rural hinterlands to promote the brand Nokia in innovative ways like sponsoring a regional festival which sees participation from the whole population of the area. Another initiative is their Rural care on the go, which is their servicing vehicle for the rural markets. This is to tell the consumers and other possible buyers the fact that Nokia is with them at their doorstep to account for all of their mobile handset issues. Nokia Life Tools: These are a series of tools developed for the rural consumers which will help them make their life easier and better in more than one way. For the farmer community of the rural Indian population, Nokia life tools provide information about the type of seeds, best practices and commodity prices. Young students can use the education life tool for career related information and other help related to their academics. Location based tools are also being developed by Nokia, some of them being exclusively for the rural consumers for their entertainment and convenience. These are some of the initiatives taken by Nokia till now in order to increase connect with the rural Indian consumers on a pan India basis. But, it is yet to launch products that truly cater to the differentiated needs of the consumers in smaller towns and villages. Also, the same has to be communicated to the consumers through various traditional as well as non-traditional media. Suggestions and Recommendations In its quest to gain a significant position in the rural Indian market, Nokia can take a leaf from the strategy adopted by the domestic mobile handset manufacturers. For instance, Videocon mobiles took cues from customers feedback of the need to have large speakers and launched a model accordingly. Again, another regional player Zen mobile realized the importance of launching phones with regional language support as many consumers in the hinterlands and small towns are not well versed with English language [16]. Therefore, they came up with models that had compatibility with 18 different Indian languages. Nokia should also launch certain models which have features that are currently desired by the users and at prices that are comparable to that of the local domestic players. One interesting